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CIRCUMCISION:
THE HIDDEN TRAUMA

How an American Cultural Practice Affects Infants and Ultimately Us All

Ronald Goldman, Ph.D.
Foreword by Ashley Montagu, Ph.D.

320 pages • 576 references • illustrated • bibliography • index • Vanguard Publications, trade paper ISBN 0964489538

CIRCUMCISION: THE HIDDEN TRAUMA is the first intensive exploration of the unrecognized psychological and social aspects of this increasingly controversial American cultural practice. The book has been endorsed by dozens of professionals in psychology, psychiatry, child development, pediatrics, obstetrics, childbirth education, sociology, and anthropology.

Without much knowledge, the American public generally assumes that our cultural practice of circumcision is a trivial and benign procedure. As discussed in CIRCUMCISION: THE HIDDEN TRAUMA, plain facts and recent research results conflict with these beliefs and raise questions. Dr. Goldman's application of psychological and social research coherently explains both the tenacity of the practice and the contradictory information and beliefs about it. 

After a review of the surprising abilities of infants and their responses to circumcision pain, the long-term psychological effects of circumcision are examined from the perspectives of both traditional and more recent, innovative psychological theories. We learn that circumcision has potential effects not only on men and sexuality, but also on mother-child relationships, male-female relationships, and societal traits and problems. The text is supported with clinical reports, interviews, surveys, and thorough documentation. 

CIRCUMCISION: THE HIDDEN TRAUMA identifies an overlooked source of early pain and simultaneously points us in the direction of both healing and preventing this pain. It is of particular interest to men who seek to explore their sexuality and deepen self-awareness; women who want to understand men better; parents and children's advocates; childbirth educators and allied workers; and mental health, medical, and academic professionals. The book has wide appeal because, more generally, it is about trusting our instincts, questioning some of our cultural values and assumptions, and reflecting on who we are and who we can be as individuals and as a society.

Ronald Goldman, Ph.D., is a researcher, educator, and executive director of the Circumcision Resource Center in Boston, a nonprofit educational organization. He gives lectures and seminars on the psychological and social aspects of circumcision and provides consultation to expectant parents and circumcised men. Dr. Goldman has been a featured guest on local and national radio and television shows and has been cited in numerous newspapers and periodicals.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword by Ashley Montagu, Ph.D. xiii
Preface xv
Introduction: Controversial Questions  1
1. Infant Development and Response to Circumcision 6
Changing Views of Infants; Sensory Response; Other Abilities and Qualities; Pain Response During Circumcision; Behavioral Response Following Circumcision; Comments from Professionals
2. Why Parents and Physicians Choose to Circumcise Infants 29
Mental Factors; Emotional Factors; Male Attitudes Toward Choosing Circumcision; Behavioral Factors; Communication Factors; Language Factors; Defense Mechanisms
3. Social and Cultural Factors Perpetuating Circumcision in America  57
Historical Context; Circumcision in Other Countries; Sexuality, Denial, and Normality; Conformity; Female Genital Mutilation; Science, Medicine, and Cultural Values
4. Long-Term Psychological Effects of Circumcision: 
     I. Early Trauma and Memory 
82
Reasons for Lack of Investigation; Birth as Trauma in Psychoanalysis; Infant Neurological Development and Memory Capability; Clinical Experience with Body-Oriented Therapies and Research on Birth Impact; More Reports of Perinatal Memories; Circumcision Memories; Circumcision as Trauma; Circumcision of Older Children
5. Long-Term Psychological Effects of Circumcision: 
     II. Adult Emotional Impact 
103
Men’s Attitudes Toward Their Own Circumcision; Psychological Impact of Circumcision on Men; Body Image, Self-Esteem, and Shame; Neurological Effects; Discovering Circumcision; Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Related to Circumcision; Sex-Related Effects of Circumcision
6. Circumcision and the Mother-Child Relationship  124
Maternal Anxiety; Mother-Infant Interaction; Loss of Trust; Mothers Who Observed Circumcision
7. The Impact of Circumcision on American Society  139
Effects of Low Male Self-Esteem; Avoidance of Intimacy in Male-Female Relationships; Unnecessary Surgery; Control of Female Sexuality; Attitudes Toward Pain and Stimulation; Passivity; Reduced Empathy; Antisocial Behaviors; Interrelationships of Social Problems; Warfare
8. The Lessons of Circumcision  176
Infants Are Real People; Circumcision Trauma and Effects on Adults; Circumcision and Disrupted Bonding; American Motivation to Circumcise; Science and Medicine; Ethics and Medicine; Cultural and Social Perspectives; Hope for Healing
Appendix A   Sample Hospital Circumcision Information  205
Appendix B   Questionnaire  215
Appendix C   Personal Account of FGM  216
Appendix D   Jews and Circumcision  220
Appendix E   Research Considerations  222
Glossary  227
Resources  229
Notes  231
Bibliography  267
Index  295
© Circumcision Resource Center
 

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